Figure 1.
A: the phenotype of the mutant and wild type, M is mutant lf1132; WT is Zhonghua 11. B: the panicle length and internode length for mutants and wild type. 15 total plants were investigated from five repeats containing three individuals. C: The heading-date of the wild type and mutant on different sowing-dates. Wild type and mutant were planted in the CNRRI experimental field, Zhejiang province on six sowing-dates from 15, May to 21, July 2007. D: The change in photoperiod during different sowing-dates. E: The change in temperature (mean value of everyday temperature) during different sowing-dates. Red box indicates the temperature of the heading period at the last sowing-date, 21, July.
Figure 2.
The heading-date of the mutant and wild type for different photoperiod and temperature treatments.
lf1132 and wild type plants were planted in the CNRRI experimental fields, and two week old seedlings were transferred to phytotrons with different photoperiod and temperature treatments. The heading-date for each treatment was observed and recorded for at least 10 plants. Four phytotrons were used: LD, 27°C phytotron; LD, 23°C phytotron; SD, 27°C phytotron; SD, 23°C phytotron; A: the heading-date under different photoperiods and temperatures; B: The velocity ratio of leaf growth (VRL) for the mutant and wild type under different photoperiods (SD and LD) and temperatures (27°C, 23°C). LD treatment: 14.5 h light and 9.5 h dark; SD treatment: 11.5 h light and 12.5 h dark.
Table 1.
The effect of different photoperiods and temperatures on heading-date.
Table 2.
Leaf number of mutant and wild type in different photoperiod treatments and temperature treatments.
Figure 3.
Sequence analysis of Hd1 in lf1132 and wild type.
A: The sequence differences between wild type and lf1132. The black triangle represents insertion; vertical lines represent single-base substitutions; blue vertical lines and numbers are relative positions in hd1-3. SEF and SER shown by arrows are primers to detect the 315 bp insertion. B: PCR detection of the 315 bp insertion on the hd1-3 locus for lf1132. C: The expression of Hd1 in the wild type and mutant. Leaves were harvested from 30 day old seedlings at the indicated times (once every 3 h for 24 h) in natural fields (day-length is about 14 h light and 10 h dark) and RT-PCR was carried out for the analysis of Hd1 expression. Primer pairs HD1F and HD1R were used for the analysis of Hd1 expression in RT-PCR. D: Deduced amino acid sequence of the Hd1 and deduced lf1132 proteins. The black line indicates the zinc-finger domain; asterisks are amino acid substitutions between the Nipponbare Hd1 protein and the deduced lf1132 protein. E: the linkage analysis of the mutant and Hd1 locus. P1 is Zhonghua 11; P2 is lf1132.
Figure 4.
Hd1 expression under different photoperiods and temperatures.
Leaves were harvested from 33 day old plants at the indicated times (once every 4 h for 24 h) in phytotrons, and real-time PCR was carried out for analysis of Hd1. M is lf1132; WT is Zhonghua 11.
Figure 5.
Hd3a expression under different photoperiods and temperatures.
Leaves were harvested from 33 day old plants at the indicated times (once every 4 h for 24 h) in phytotrons, and real-time PCR was carried out for the analysis of Hd3a expression. M is lf1132; WT is Zhonghua 11. A, B, C, D are the Hd3a expression profiles under high temperature and low temperature; A: wild type under LD condition; B: wild type under SD condition; C: mutant under LD condition; D: mutant under SD condition. E and F are the Hd3a expression profiles for the wild type and mutant under different photoperiods at high temperature; E: wild type; F: mutant. G presents the Hd3a expression profile of the mutant and wild type under LD conditions.