Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data of the patients with and without pusher syndrome.
Figure 1.
Structural lesions of all patient groups investigated.
Overlay plots of the normalised structural lesions (based on normalized DWI or FLAIR images) for the groups of patient with and without pusher syndrome after (A) thalamic lesions and (B) extra-thalamic lesions. The number of overlapping areas is illustrated by different colours, coding increasing frequencies from dark blue (n = 1) to red (n = max). MNI z-coordinates of the transverse sections are given.
Figure 2.
Malperfusion of structurally intact brain areas in the patient groups with thalamic lesions.
Overlay plots of the patient groups with thalamic lesions showing vs. not showing pusher syndrome. Illustrated are the common regions of structurally intact but malperfused brain tissue, i.e. the mismatch between TTP abnormalities and DWI/FLAIR. The number of overlapping areas are illustrated by different colours coding increasing frequencies from dark blue (n = 1) to red (n = max). MNI z-coordinates of the transverse sections are given.
Figure 3.
Malperfusion of structurally intact brain areas in the patient groups with extra-thalamic lesions.
(A) Overlay plots of the normalised TTP delay maps showing the common regions of mismatch between DWI/FLAIR and PWI abnormalities, i.e. of structurally intact but abnormally perfused tissue, for the groups of patients with extra-thalamic lesions showing as well as not showing pusher syndrome. The number of overlapping areas with abnormal perfusion is illustrated by different colours, coding increasing frequencies from dark blue (n = 1) to red (n = max.). (B) Overlay plot of the subtracted superimposed mismatch images of the pusher group minus the mismatch images of the group without pusher syndrome. The percentage of overlapping areas of structurally intact but abnormally perfused tissue in the pusher group after subtraction is illustrated by five different colours, coding increasing frequencies from dark red (difference = 1–20%) to white (difference = 81–100%). Each colour represents 20% increments. The different colours from dark blue (difference = −1% to −20%) to light blue (difference = −81% to −100%) indicate regions abnormally perfused more frequently in patients without pusher syndrome than in the pusher group. Regions where there is an identical percentage of abnormal perfusion in both groups ( = 0%) are not depicted in the figure. MNI z-coordinates of the transverse sections are given. IFG, inferior frontal cortex; PreCG, precentral gyrus; SLF, superior longitudinal fasciculum; MTG, middle temporal cortex; CB, callosal body; Wh.mat., white matter; IPL, inferior parietal lobule.