Table 1.
Environmental data layers used in the development of the models presented herein.
Figure 1.
Niche models in native ranges and in the United States.
Ecological niche models for common carp (A, B), tench (C, D), grass carp (E, F), and black carp (G, H) on native and U.S. landscapes. Shading indicates the predicted suitability predicted (brick red = 7–10 models, canary red = 4–6 models, pink = 1–3 models). Occurrence points for each species are shown as training data (yellow circles) in the species' native range (A, C, E, G) or independent validation data (green triangles) in the native or introduced ranges (B, D, F, H).
Table 2.
Statistics describing the results of ecological niche model validations.
Figure 2.
Invasive range predictions by USGS hydrologic unit.
Mean ecological niche model predictions at the level of hydrologic unit (USGS 6-digit HUC) in the United States, for common carp (A), tench (B), grass carp (C), and black carp (D). Shade indicates mean suitability from the niche model outputs across all pixels within each HUC polygon (see legend). Known (testing) occurrence points are indicated by dotted circles. Recently captured black carp [23], [33] are shown with stars (D).