Figure 1.
Phenotype and gene expression differences in doxorubicin injected male and female Balb/c mice.
(A) Phenotypic description of the animals used in the study (B) PAS staining of murine kidney sections. CTL-control, dox-14 days following doxorubicin injection, M-male, F-female (C) The number of genes that are differentially expressed in kidneys between male (M) mice and female (F) mice in control (CTL) and diseased (dox) condition induced by doxorubicin. The value in parenthesis shows the percentage of active genes or the percent of all regulated genes. (D) Gene expression regulation between control and diseased male mice, control and diseased female mice (SAM analysis, FDR; false discovery rate). (E) Overlap of sexually dimorphic genes in healthy and diseased condition.
Table 1.
Demographics of the research participants.
Figure 2.
Gene expression changes in control and diseased human kidney samples.
(A) Distribution of genes that are differentially expressed in male and female human kidneys in glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments (p<0.01, Student's t-test). The value in the parenthesis following the number of dimorphic gene shows the percentage of active probes. (B) Upper panel: the overlap of sexually dimorphic genes when tubuli were compared to glomeruli from healthy kidneys; Lower panel: hierarchical clustering (complete linkage) of the overlapping genes identified between healthy glomeruli and tubuli. (C) Upper panel: the overlap of sexually dimorphic genes when diseased tubuli were compared to healthy tubuli. Lower panel: hierarchical clustering (complete linkage) of the overlapping genes between diseased and healthy tubuli. In the Venn's diagram, the gene number in individual distinct area and the percentage over the total gene number in individual group are shown. In the gene clusters, one row represents one gene and one column represents one sample. The yellow color indicates higher gene expression level, while the blue one indicates lower level.
Figure 3.
Species specific gene expression differences.
(A) Upper panel: overlap of sexually dimorphic genes in kidneys of healthy people and mice; Lower panel: hierarchical clustering (complete linkage) of the overlapping genes identified between healthy human glomeruli/tubuli and control mice. (B) Upper panel: overlap of sexually dimorphic genes of diseased human kidneys and diseased murine kidneys. Lower panel: hierarchical clustering (complete linkage) of the overlapping genes identified between diseased human and murine kidneys.
Table 2.
Gene ontology groups of gender biased genes in human kidneys.
Table 3.
Functional categories of sexually dimorphic genes in murine kidneys.
Table 4.
Chromosomal distribution of gender biased genes.
Table 5.
TFBS of gender biased genes in human kidneys.
Table 6.
TFBS of gender biased genes in murine kidneys.