Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the three different mental disorders investigated in the present study.
Table 2.
Functional characteristics of the four different brain areas investigated in the present study.
Table 3.
Biochemical and pathogenic characteristics of complex I subunits investigated in the present study.
Table 4.
Summary of medication undertaken by each patient in each diagnostic group.
Table 5.
Demographic data for post mortem brains.
Table 6.
Primer sequences and PCR conditions.
Figure 1.
Diagrams of brain section presenting the four different brain areas in which complex I subunits were assessed.
A) The prefrontal cortex (BA 9/46) sections are 14 µm frozen coronal sections though the area marked in blue B) The striatum sections are 14 µm frozen coronal sections through the head of the caudate nucleus and putamen at the level of the nucleus accumbens. C) The parieto-occipital cortex (BA 19) sections are 14 µm frozen coronal sections though the area marked in blue. D) The cerebellar sections are 14 um frozen sagittal sections through the lateral cerebellar hemisphere at the level marked by the green line. Diagram are obtained from the Atlas of the Human Brain by Jurgen K. Mai, Joseph Assheuer and George Paxinos, 1997 3rd Ed. pp. 123, 124, 126 Elsevier Ltd.
Table 7.
Two way ANOVA results of disease and brain area dependent alterations in complex I subunits.
Table 8.
Summary of mRNA and protein levels in four different brain areas.
Figure 2.
mRNA levels of NDUFV1, NDUFV2 and NDUFS1 subunits of complex I in post mortem striatum including the nucleus accumbens of patients with schizophrenia (SCH, n = 15), major depression (MD, n = 15) and bipolar disorder (BP, n = 15), and of normal controls (n = 15).
Statistical significant differences vs. the control group were observed only in the schizophrenic group in all three subunits of complex I.
Figure 3.
Protein levels of 51-, 24-and 75-kDa subunits of complex I in post mortem striatum including the nucleus accumbens of patients with schizophrenia (SCH, n = 15), major depression (MD, n = 15) and bipolar disorder (BP, n = 15) and of normal controls (n = 15).
Statistical significant differences vs. the control group were observed in the 51- and 24-kDa subunits of the schizophrenic group and in the 75-kDa subunit of the bipolar group. No statistically significant difference was observed in the depressed group.
Figure 4.
Cerebellar lateral hemisphere mRNA expression of complex I subunits.
mRNA levels of NDUFV1, NDUFV2 and NDUFS1 subunits of complex I in post mortem cerebellar lateral hemisphere of patients with schizophrenia (SCH, n = 15), major depression (MD, n = 15) and bipolar disorder (BP, n = 15), and of normal controls (n = 15). Statistical significant differences vs. the control group were observed in all three subunits in the major depression group and in the NDUFV1 in the bipolar group. No statistically significant difference was observed in the schizophrenic group.
Figure 5.
Cerebellar lateral hemisphere protein expression of complex I subunits.
Protein levels of the 51-, 24-and 75-kDa subunits of complex I in post mortem Cerebellar lateral hemisphere of patients with schizophrenia (SCH, n = 15), major depression (MD, n = 15) and bipolar disorder (BP, n = 15), and of normal controls (n = 15). Statistical significant differences vs. the control group were observed in all three subunits in the major depression group and in the 51-kDa and the 75-kDa subunits in the bipolar group. No statistically significant difference was observed in the schizophrenic group.