Figure 1.
A, Anochetus madagascarensis. B, Odontomachus coquereli.
Table 1.
Primers used to generate sequences and molecular tests.
Figure 2.
Anochetus spp. full face and lateral view.
A–B, boltoni worker CASENT0104542. C–D, boltoni male CASENT0063847. E–F, goodmani worker CASENT0104543. G–H, goodmani ergatoid queen CASENT0454531.
Figure 3.
Anochetus grandidieri full face and lateral view.
A–B, large worker CASENT0497580. C–D, small worker CASENT0033463. E–F, large queen CASENT0041177. G–H, small queen CASENT0498467. I–J, male CASENT0049858.
Figure 4.
Anochetus madagascarensis full face and lateral view.
A–B, worker CASENT0104547. C–D, queen CASENT0498419. E–F, male CASENT0049282.
Figure 5.
Anochetus workers, upper part of petiole from front view.
A, boltoni CASENT0104542. B, goodmani CASENT0104543. C, grandidieri (large form) CASENT0497580. D, madagascarensis CASENT0498309.
Figure 6.
collection localities of Anochetus specimens in Madagascar.
Map shows major ecoregions: east (light gray): rainforest, central (dark gray): montane forest; west (white): tropical dry forest; southwest (medium gray): desert spiny bush thicket.
Table 2.
Anochetus goodmani within-species pair-wise partitioning of genetic variance for the CO1 DNA barcode. K2P distances are beneath the diagonal and the number of substitutions are above the diagonal.
Table 3.
Comparison of the utility of various complimentary nuclear markers for species diagnosis in the ponerine ants of the Malagasy.
Figure 7.
A–D Worker holotype CASENT0102280 full face, lateral view, upper part of petiole from rear view, dorsal view. E–F, queen paratype CASENT0103343 full face and lateral view. G–H, male CASENT0172617 full face and lateral view.
Figure 8.
Anochetus males, terminalia, lateral view.
A, boltoni CASENT0063847. B, grandidieri CASENT0080660. B, madagascarensis CASENT0063421. D, pattersoni CASENT0172617.
Figure 9.
NJ tree of K2P for five species of Anochetus in Madagascar, Comoros and Aldabra (all specimens with >500 bp).
Deep divergences evident between madagascarensis, grandidieri, and goodmani are evident. Deep divergences within A. goodmani are evident (In this tree, A. boltoni falls within goodmani). The rightmost column of colors differentiate which biogeographical groupings of Wilmé et al. [29] these populations fall. WCE-1 = Binara, Antsahabe. WCE-12 = Andavakoera, Ankarana. WCE-7 = Kirindy Mite. WRDW-B = Vazimba, Androngonibe, Andranopasazy.
Figure 10.
Odontomachus spp. full face and lateral view.
A–B, coquereli worker CASENT0009409. C–D, coquereli ergatoid queen CASENT 0104947. E–F, troglodytes worker CASNET0047308. G–H, troglodytes dealate queen CASENT0100313.
Figure 11.
Odontomachus spp. males full face, lateral view, and oblique lateral view of terminalia.
A, B, and E, coquereli CASENT0063858. C, D, and F, troglodytes CASENT0096412.
Figure 12.
Odontomachus simillimus full face and lateral view.
A–B, worker CASENT0172667. C–D, queen CASENT0172668. E–F, male CASENT0172666.
Figure 13.
Odontomachus spp. ventral aspect of posterior mesosoma viewed from underneath and from rear with coxa and petiole removed to show metasternal process.
A, troglodytes CASENT0009961. B, simillimus CASENT0009988. C, coquereli CASNET0009962.
Figure 14.
collection localities of Odontomachus in Madagascar.
Map shows major ecoregions: east (light gray): rainforest, central (dark gray): montane forest; west (white): tropical dry forest; southwest (medium gray): desert spiny bush thicket.
Figure 15.
NJ tree of K2P for three species of Odontomachus in Madagascar and Africa (all specimens with >500 bp).
Deep divergences evident between coquereli, troglodytes, and simillimus are evident. Deep divergences within O. coquereli are apparent. The rightmost column of colors differentiate which biogeographical groupings of Wilmé et al [29] these populations fall. WCE-1 = Binara. WCE-10 = Manongarivo. WCE-2 = Mahavelona, Kalalao, Betampona, Mananara-Nord, Marojejy, Anjanaharibe. WRDW-a2 = Akirindro, Ambanitaza, Anjanaharibe.
Figure 16.
Anochetus spp. CO1 DNA barcode heterogeneity.
A. grandidieri (n = 113), A. madagascarensis (n = 115), A. goodmani (n = 47), A. boltoni (n = 12) and A. pattersoni (n = 3).
Figure 17.
Odontomachus spp. CO1 DNA barcode heterogeneity.
O. coquereli (n = 97), O. troglodytes (n = 53) and O. simillimus (n = 13).