Randomized controlled trial comparing AI-assisted digital and conventional orthodontics: Superior PAR reduction and occlusal outcomes
Fig 4
PAR improvement rates (%) at T2 by age subgroup.
Violin plots show the distribution of PAR improvement rates (%) at T2 for age subgroups (12–18, 19–25, 26–35 years). Each dot represents an individual participant. Box plots indicate interquartile ranges with medians, and black diamonds represent means with 95% confidence intervals. Horizontal lines and p values indicate between-group differences (independent-samples t-test). Subgroup analyses were exploratory and underpowered; therefore, non-significant interaction results should not be interpreted as evidence of uniform treatment effects across age groups.