Randomized controlled trial comparing AI-assisted digital and conventional orthodontics: Superior PAR reduction and occlusal outcomes
Fig 2
Categorical and temporal distributions of PAR improvement.
(A) Stacked bar charts showing the proportions of participants achieving significant improvement (≥70%), partial improvement (30–70%), and no improvement (<30%) in the Digital and AI group and the Conventional group at T1-6m, T1-12m, and T2. (B) Time trend of the proportion of participants achieving significant improvement (≥70%) in PAR scores from baseline (T0) to T2. The Digital and AI group consistently showed higher rates than the Conventional group. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals, and p values indicate between-group differences at each timepoint. This figure reflects differences in occlusal improvement only and should not be interpreted as evidence of enhanced treatment efficiency, reduced chairside time, or accelerated workflow, as such metrics were not collected in this study. Repeated-measures mixed-effects analysis demonstrated significant intervention (p < 0.001), time (p < 0.001), and group × time interaction effects (p < 0.001).