An overlooked source of skin dose perturbation: Commercial tattoo inks in radiotherapy
Fig 5
Photon-beam spatial dose distributions for a multi-color tattoo geometry (1 × 1 cm2, four 0.5 × 0.5 cm2 quadrants).
No ink (top-left), black (top-right), orange (bottom-left), and brown (bottom-right). Dose maps shown for 6 MV (a–c) and 18 MV (d–f) photon at 0%, 50%, and 100% pigment loading. Photon irradiation shows clear geometry-correlated enhancement patterns, but perturbations remain spatially confined to tattooed regions without lateral propagation.