Beyond wind speed: Integrating oceanic indices and time-lagged features for superior wind energy prediction
Fig 3
Lagged correlation analysis between wind power generation and various climate indices.
Each subplot shows the correlation coefficients for different lag periods (in months), with the highest correlation highlighted in red. The best lag for each climate index is indicated, demonstrating the temporal influence of climate variability on wind power. Notably, WIND vs. POWER exhibits the strongest correlation (0.88) at a 12-month lag, while other indices such as AMM, AMO, NAO, and PDO show moderate correlations at varying lag periods. This analysis helps identify the optimal time delay for incorporating climate indices into wind power forecasting models.