Exendin-4 enhances GLP-1 signaling and reduces anxiety-like behaviors in male heroin withdrawal mice
Fig 5
Intraperitoneal administration of Exendin-4 significantly alleviated anxiety-like behaviors in mice undergoing withdrawal from heroin.
A: Represents blood glucose levels (n = 6); B: Reflects the body weight of mice treated with 2ug/kg Exendin-4 (n = 6); C: Illustrates the process of modeling heroin-dependent withdrawal in mice; D-G: Open field test (n = 8). Representative track heat map in the open field test (D), time spent exploring in the center area (E), distance traveled in the center area (F), number of entries into the center area (G); H-K: Elevated plus maze test (n = 8). Representative track heat map in the elevated plus maze test (H), time spent exploring in the open arms (I), distance traveled in the open arms (J), number of entries into the open arms (K); The results are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. No statistical significance is indicated by ns P > 0.05, significance levels indicated as #/*P < 0.05, ##/**P < 0.01, and ###/***P < 0.001 (Paired sample t-test, independent sample t-test and two factor analysis of variance).