Realizing self-sustained biomass gasification in a lab-scale downdraft reactor for compact CHP applications
Fig 2
Temporal profiles of internal reactor temperatures at three vertical positions (T1: upper, T2: middle, T3: lower) under different equivalence ratios (ER = 0.47, 0.54, 0.60, and 0.65).
Stable temperature stratification was observed in (a)–(c), where T1 consistently showed the highest temperature, followed by T2 and T3. In contrast, in (d) at ER = 0.65, T2 and T3 temperatures exceeded T1 over time, indicating a reduction in the feedstock bed height due to excessive consumption.