What type of relationship is learned during visual statistical learning?
Fig 3
Experimental procedure and results of Experiment 2.
(a) Statistical regularities depicted as image transition matrix with stimuli pairs in training phase. Ls represent leading stimuli, and Ts represent trailing stimuli. For clarity, only one representative object pair per condition is shown. In the actual experiment, each condition included two distinct object pairs constructed with the same statistical structure. (b) RT benefit (Unexpected – Expected) distributions for each condition. Colored dots represent individual participants, gray violins indicate the kernel-density estimate of the distribution, and black horizontal and vertical lines denote the mean and its 95% confidence interval, respectively. The dotted horizontal line marks zero benefit. The pattern of results demonstrates a reliable expectation effect across conditions, with stronger facilitation in conditions predicted by DFH rather than by CP or ΔP, highlighting DFH’s central role in visual statistical learning.