What type of relationship is learned during visual statistical learning?
Fig 2
Experimental procedure and results of Experiment 1.
(a) Statistical regularities depicted as image transition matrix with stimuli pairs in training phase. Ls represent leading stimuli, and Ts represent trailing stimuli. For clarity, only one representative object pair per condition is shown. In the actual experiment, each condition included two distinct object pairs constructed with the same statistical structure. (b) Trial sequence in the training and test phases. On every trial, participants saw a leading object followed by a trailing object and indicated as quickly and accurately as possible whether the two objects belonged to the same category (electronic vs. non-electronic). (c) Distribution of individual reaction-time benefits (Unexpected – Expected) for each condition. Each colored dot represents one participant. Gray violins depict kernel-density estimates of the data distribution (violin width ∝ probability density). The solid black horizontal lines indicate the mean, and the thin vertical lines show the 95% confidence interval around the mean. The dotted horizontal line marks zero benefit. This visualization highlights the consistency of the expectation-driven facilitation across participants and conditions.