IOTA Tangle-based traceability framework for wheat crop supply chain
Fig 3
The Implementation environment of the Wheat Supply Chain.
The system integrates a Self-Sovereign Identity framework, web and mobile applications, a private IOTA-based blockchain network, off-chain storage using IPFS, and an AIoT layer combining AI modules and IoT sensors. A backend server coordinates interactions across these components to support secure data exchange within the supply chain.