MLND-IU: A multi-stage detection model of subcentimeter lung nodule with improved U-Net++
Fig 14
Comprehensive comparative analysis of multi-dimensional model performance.
(A) Radar chart comparing the performance balance of MLND-IU versus mainstream baseline models across six key dimensions, all metrics normalized (higher values indicate better performance), (B) The scatter plot illustrates the distribution of more advanced models within the “accuracy-efficiency” trade-off space. Error bars indicate the interquartile range (IQR) of the Dice coefficient. The red dashed line marks the clinical real-time processing threshold (3 seconds per case), while the green region represents the ideal “high-accuracy-low-latency” quadrant. MLND-IU (starred points) demonstrates the best overall performance in both analyses.