MLND-IU: A multi-stage detection model of subcentimeter lung nodule with improved U-Net++
Fig 5
Comparison of feature generation results for candidate regions of interest (ROIs) before and after data augmentation preprocessing.
The preprocessed image (right panel) demonstrates significantly enhanced edge details (e.g., clearer delineation of spiky and lobular structures). Contrast enhancement accentuates the texture of 3–5 mm sub-centimeter nodules, overcoming the boundary blurring issue in the original image (left panel) caused by low signal-to-noise ratio.