Bond strength of thermoformed and 3D-printed aligners with universal primer versus one-step aligner adhesive with and without sandblasting: An in vitro study
Fig 2
Scanning electron micrographs (×1000) of aligner surfaces before (left panel) and after sandblasting (right panel).
A,B, PETG; C,D, TPU; E,F, PCTG; G,H, TA-28; I,J, TC-85DAC; K,L, DCA. Thermoformed foils and TA-28 showed pronounced ploughing, pits, and sharp asperities after sandblasting. TC-85DAC and DCA showed comparatively shallower micro-cracking and less crater formation.