Tissue-specific mitochondrial pathway remodeling linked to longevity in honeybee queens
Fig 2
Tissue mass and biomarker of mitochondrial content in worker and queen bees across different ages and body regions.
Panels A–C report tissue mass (mg), panels D–F quantify citrate synthase (CS) activity as a mitochondrial content marker, and panels G–I present maximal electron transport system (ETS) capacity. All measures are shown for head (A, D, G), thoracic muscle (B, E, H), and abdominal fat body (C, F, I). CS activity and ETS capacity values are normalized to tissue mass (per mg). Box plots display the minimum, 25th percentile, median, 75th percentile, and maximum values. Data represent workers at 1 week (early-life, n = 8 and 4 weeks (late-life, n = 12 and queen at 1 week (early-life, n = 6) and 109 weeks (late-life, n = 4). Two-way ANOVA p-values for the effects of bee caste (workers vs. queens), age, and their interaction are indicated in each panel. Panel C, D, F and I did not meet the assumptions; therefore, Welch’s ANOVA with Games-Howell post-hoc test was performed instead. Significant differences between ages within a bee caste (shown below the boxes) and between bee castes at the same age (shown above the boxes) are denoted * (P ≤ 0.05), ** (P ≤ 0.01), and *** (P ≤ 0.001).