A non-invasive urinary diagnostic signature for diabetic kidney disease revealed by machine learning and single-cell analysis
Fig 7
Spatial localization and functional enrichment of DKD diagnostic markers.
(A) UMAP projection of DKD kidney single cells (GSE131882), with feature plots showing the expression patterns of PDK4, RHCG, and FBP1. (B) Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the three hub genes and their co-expressed genes. (C) Bar plot of the top enriched KEGG pathways for the gene network. (D) Bar plot of the top enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms, categorized into Biological Process (BP), Cellular Component (CC), and Molecular Function (MF). (E-G) Representative immunohistochemistry images from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database showing the protein expression of (E) PDK4, (F) FBP1, and (G) RHCG in normal human kidney tissue.