Morphogenetic development of trochlear groove and thigh muscles from embryo to fetus in humans
Fig 5
Trochlear groove measurements.
(A) 3D reconstructed images of Amira and magnetic resonance (MR) scans on parallel and vertical planes at five stages of crown-rump length (CRL). The upper two lanes show the vertical plane, while the lower two lanes show the parallel plane. (B) Trochlear groove angle A (red dots) decreased from approximately 160° to 130° during 21.2–100 mm crown-rump length (CRL) and remained constant at 185 mm CRL. In contrast, angle B (blue dots) remained constant at approximately 130° during 21.2–185 mm CRL. Based on the distribution of the data, polynomial fitting used for Angle A and linear fitting were used for Angle B. (C) Chronological changes in the trochlear groove. Angle A exhibited significantly larger values in the early than later CRL stages. Angle B showed no significant differences among the groups.