Viewing low back pain through the lens of spinal evolution: Understanding the morphology and limits of the human spine
Fig 5
Modern lifestyle–related postural patterns and spinal stress.
A-E: Factory workers are observed working by bending forward and lifting weights. Reference: 5A: Title: Painting of factory workers Artist: Toni Anton Wolter. User: Wmpearl (This work was never published prior to January 1, 2003, and is currently in the public domain in the United States) Accessed: 13.02.2024, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Painting_of_factory_workers_by_Toni_Anton_Wolter.jpg 5B: Title: Annual, 1899 (May), Date: 1899−05; 1899, User: Ssafder, Accessed: 13.02.2024 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Annual%2C_1899_%28May%29_-_DPLA_-_14ca89cfa3717f287f4fd0a902420297_%28page_54%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 5C: Description: Steam engine technology, Date: 1894, Source: Brockhaus’ Konversations-Lexikon, 14.Auflage, 4.Band, Author: F.A. Brockhaus, Berlin und Wien, Permission: Author died more than 70 years ago – public domain, User: Hgrobe, Accessed: 04.03.2025, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Dampfhammer2_brockhaus.jpg 5D: Author: William Armstrong (1822–1914), Description: English: Painting of the Toronto Rolling Mills, an iron rails factory founded in 1857 by a group of businessmen led by railway magnate Sir Casimir Gzowski. At that time, it was the largest iron mill in Canada and the largest manufacturer in Toronto. The introduction of steel rails led to its closure in 1873., Date: 1864, Source/Photographer: This image is available from the Toronto Public Library under the reference number JRR 1059, User: Skeezix1000, Accessed: 04.03.2025, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toronto_Rolling_Mills.jpg 5E: Description: English: Croton Aqueduct shutoff valve, illustration in Harper’s Weekly magazine, November 12, 1881, Date: Issue date: November 12, 1881; uploaded May 1, 2008, Author: W. St. John Hasker[ ?] (difficult to read artist’s name (at bottom right — in caption), User: Beyond My Ken, Accessed: 04.03.2025, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/HarpersWeeklyIllustrShuttingOffTheCroton11121881_crop.jpg.
