Control signal dimensionality depends on limb dynamics
Fig 2
Examples of kinematics, dynamics, and muscle activity profiles during reaching.
Each plot shows profiles per condition averaged across repetitions (n = 15) of the same reaching movement in one direction by one participant. A. Profiles (solid lines) and standard deviation (shaded areas) of shoulder flexion-extension angle and angular velocity. B. Shoulder flexion-extension torque (t) profiles that caused the movements in A. C. Normalized electromyography (EMG) profiles of anterior deltoid (ADel), triceps long (TriL), and biceps long (BiL) that accompanied the movements in A. Shaded areas show the standard error for the mean across repetitions (n = 15) of the same movement.