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Energy evolution law and catastrophic failure prediction of Luohe formation sandstone during rupture process experienced one freeze-thaw cycle

Fig. 10

Energy damage variable, energy damage variable rate and acceleration of thawed sandstone with different freezing temperatures:

(a) 20°C; (b) -10°C; (c) -15°C; (d) -20°C; (e) -25°C; and (f) -30°C.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321656.g010