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Energy evolution law and catastrophic failure prediction of Luohe formation sandstone during rupture process experienced one freeze-thaw cycle

Fig.5.

The eventual failure modes of thawed specimens with different freezing temperatures:

(a) 20°C; (b) −10°C; (c) −15°C; (d) −20°C; (e) −25°C; and (f) −30°C.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321656.g005