Gut microbiota diversity in a dung beetle (Catharsius molossus) across geographical variations and brood ball-mediated microbial transmission
Fig 5
Alpha diversity of the gut microbial communities of C. molossus at different developmental stages and in their brood balls.
(a) Bacterial Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity (Faith_pd) Index; (b) Bacterial Shannon Index; (c) Fungal Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity (Faith_pd) Index; (d) Fungal Shannon Diversity Index. Groups that do not share the same letter indicate significant differences between them (p < 0.05), whereas those with the same letter show no significant difference. And* indicates p < 0.05, ** indicates p < 0.01, *** indicates p < 0.001.