Vorolanib, sunitinib, and axitinib: A comparative study of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors and their anti-angiogenic effects
Fig 7
Schematic of cell membrane RTKs involved in angiogenesis and vascular stability, including stimulating ligands, anti-VEGF antibody therapies, and TKIs.
All three TKIs showed pan-VEGFR inhibition and effectively inhibited all the receptors that participate in pathological angiogenesis. Axitinib was the only TKI identified as a potent inhibitor of TIE2 which is not desired as normal TIE2 function is essential as it functions to maintain vascular stability. This image was created using BioRender software. Ang, angiopoietin; FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor; PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor; PLGF, placental growth factor; RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase; TIE2, tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 2; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor; VE-PTP, vascular endothelial cell-specific protein tyrosine phosphatase; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.