Pap12-6: A host defense peptide with potent immunomodulatory activity in a chicken hepatic cell culture
Fig 2
Bar graphs showing the concentrations of different inflammatory markers examined.
(A) IL-6 levels. (B) IL-10 levels. (C) IL-6/IL-10 ratio. (D) IL-8 levels. (E) RANTES levels. (F) IFN-γ levels. Chicken hepatocyte–non-parenchymal cell co-cultures were treated with three different concentrations of Pap12-6 (PAP) solely and in combination with lipoteichoic acid (LTA) or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C). Grey color refers to treatment groups without the addition of LTA or Poly I:C, whereas blue color refers to treatment with LTA, and yellow color refers to treatment with Poly I:C. Columns represent means ± SEM (n = 6 / treatment group). PAP-1 = 5 μg/ml PAP, PAP-2 = 25 μg/ml PAP, PAP-3 = 50 μg/ml PAP, LTA = 50 μg/ml LTA, PI:C = 50 μg/ml Poly I:C. Cells receiving none of the treatments are considered as Control. Groups PAP-1, PAP-2, PAP-3, LTA and PI:C were compared to Control. Combinations of LTA and PAP (LTA+PAP-1, LTA+PAP-2 and LTA+PAP-3) were compared to the group LTA. Combinations of Poly I:C and PAP (PI:C+PAP-1, PI:C+PAP-2 and PI:C+PAP-3) were compared to the group PI:C. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the above-mentioned treatment groups.*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.