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Perception and classification of emotions in nonsense speech: Humans versus machines

Fig 2

Overview of the study.

The methods considered to go beyond the state-of-the-art in the investigated worlds are illustrated: beyond the Closed World (bottom left), both real and distractor labels are used; beyond the Clean World (upper left), 6 types of noise at 4 SNRs are applied; beyond the Small World (upper middle), four data groups with different training sizes, two feature sets and two models are optimised through 3-fold speaker independent cross validation (CV) in 16 experiments; beyond the One World (bottom middle), classification and perception results by machines and humans are assessed through a one-to-one comparison of the Confusion Matrices (CM); in the Fuzzy World (right), the confusion patterns of the perception and classification experiments are evaluated.

Fig 2

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281079.g002