An updated end-to-end ecosystem model of the Northern California Current reflecting ecosystem changes due to recent marine heatwaves
Fig 13
Seabird and mammal functional group time series as both ecosystem model output and independent estimates.
Independently derived estimates (blue lines and points) of relative biomass via a Juvenile Salmon and Ocean Ecosystem Survey (JSOES; common murre and sooty shearwaters), a humpback whale mark-recapture study (baleen whales [88]), and counts of the well-monitored Southern resident killer whale population [https://www.whaleresearch.com/orca-population] are plotted against ecosystem model-derived estimates of matching functional groups (black lines).