Embryonic manipulations modulate differential expressions of heat shock protein, fatty acid metabolism, and antioxidant-related genes in the liver of heat-stressed broilers
Fig 5
Boxplots showing the assessment of the effects of in ovo feeding of GABA and embryonic thermal manipulation on relative mRNA expression of the set of antioxidant-related genes (A), fatty acid-related genes (B), and heat shock proteins (C) using MANOVA. The treatments are described as follows: CON, chicks hatched from control eggs without in ovo injection and incubated at standard temperature; CON+HS, chicks hatched from control eggs without in ovo injection, incubated at standard temperature but exposed to HS; G10+HS, chicks hatched from eggs injected at 17.5 days of incubation with 0.6mL of 10% GABA dissolved in distilled water and exposed to HS; TM+HS, chicks hatched from thermally manipulated eggs exposed to 39.6°C for 6 h daily from ED 10 to 18 and exposed to HS; G10+TM+HS, chicks hatched from eggs that received both previous treatments during incubation and exposed to HS.