Radiological correlates of vocal fold bowing as markers of Parkinson’s disease progression: A cross-sectional study utilizing dynamic laryngeal CT
Fig 2
Comparison of the laryngeal measures during vocalization between pwPD and controls.
Boxplots comparing measures of laryngeal dynamics in participants with Parkinson’s disease (blue boxes) against controls (black boxes). (1-3A) Comparison of the means of the GA, IAD and IAI during the period of vocalization. (1-3B) Comparison of the values of the laryngeal measures at maximal vocal fold adduction, corresponding with the effective minimum GA, effective minimum IAD and effective maximum IAI. The mean and effective maximum velocities of the arytenoids is assessed in (4A) and (4B) respectively, calculated by assessing the extent of movement of the arytenoids between successive 100 ms volumes. Sub-analysis of the maximal velocities by the direction of vocal fold movements is shown in (5A) (adduction; ) and (5B) (abduction;
). ns p>0.05; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001.