Newborn infant skin gene expression: Remarkable differences versus adults
Fig 5
Hierarchical clustering analysis of differentially expressed genes for ECM, LCE and MHC in full-thickness skin tissue for infants and adults.
A. Heatmap of samples showing normalized expression values (based on z-score) of selected differentially regulated genes with adjusted P value < 0.05 and absolute fold change > = 1.5 associated with ECM, LCE, and MHC for infant and adult (A20s: 20 years old, A60s: 60 years old). Euclidean distances between each sample were calculated and an unsupervised hclust algorithm was used for clustering analysis. Samples formed 2 clusters clearly separating infants (pink) and adults (blue, all adults; purple, 20 years; green, 60 years). Genes were grouped for similarity using hierarchical cluster analysis. Each column represents one sample and each row is a single gene. Infant samples have higher ECM gene expression (orange) and lower MHC (black) and LCE (yellow) expression than adult samples. B. Heatmap of group average normalized expression values is shown here with significant differences between infant (pink) and adult (blue all adults, purple 20 years; green 60 years) groups. C. Log10 values of the all-sample average expression signal were plotted for each gene. D. Negative log10 of the adjusted P value of the Limma testing for adult vs. infant comparison were plotted for each gene in the ECM, LCE and MHC classes. Many of the negative log10(AdjPvalue) values are over 10, indicating large difference (high significance). The z-score is displayed in the blue-white-red color gradient from -2 as the darkest blue, 0 as white, and 2 as darkest red color.