Color, activity period, and eye structure in four lineages of ants: Pale, nocturnal species have evolved larger eyes and larger facets than their dark, diurnal congeners
Fig 5
Eye area (mm2) (A), facet number (B), and mean facet diameter (D) (μm) (C) for species of Myrmecocystus (subfamily Formicinae: tribe Lasiini). Three species are pale (open symbols, normal font, and blue lines: M. christineae, M. navajo, M. mexicanus-02), and three species are dark (filled symbols, bold font, red lines: M. yuma, M. kennedyi, M. mendax-03) (see text). For each species, number of workers examined and number of colonies they were derived from is given in parentheses. Significant differences (P < 0.05) among species are denoted after each species name by the letters a–c: a > b > c; the three sets of letters for each species correspond to panels A, B, and C, respectively. Groupings are based on univariate F tests within MANCOVA using the estimated marginal means followed by pairwise comparisons using a least significant differences test (see text).