Parameters of biliary hydrodynamic injection during endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography in pigs for applications in gene delivery
Fig 6
Hydrodynamic biliary injection induces acute tissue structural changes in pigs that is similar to mouse hydrodynamic tail vein injection.
(A) A mouse was injected with 10% body fluid volume over 4–7 seconds through the tail vein and sacrificed 15 minutes later for comparison to the biliary hydrodynamic injection in pigs. Small fluid-filled cytoplasm vesicles (black arrows), scattered hepatocytes with dilute cytoplasm, and occasional hepatocytes with engulfed red blood cells are observed in the mouse liver. Scale bar: left, 50 μm; right, 20 μm. (B) Pig #3, which is a high flow rate injection pig, has largely similar changes, with larger fluid-filled cytoplasmic vesicles and more frequent hepatocytes with dilute cytoplasm. Scale bar: left, 50 μm; right, 2.0 μm.