Parameters of biliary hydrodynamic injection during endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography in pigs for applications in gene delivery
Fig 5
Histology of pig liver post-repeated hydrodynamic biliary injection shows evidence of hydrodynamic effects.
(A) H&E stains from low flow rate pig injections (flow rates: <5 mL/sec; Pig #1 depicted) or high flow rate pig injections (flow rate: 10 mL/sec; Pig #3 depicted) are illustrated, along with H&E from a normal, non-injected pig liver for comparison. Histology taken from livers 15 minutes post-injection showed significant dilation of hepatic sinusoids (black arrows) and formation of intracellular vesicles, but otherwise no areas of focal necrosis. (B) Histology of pig liver on Day 1 and Day 14 post-procedure showed normal liver histology. H&E staining on pigs euthanized on Day 1 and Day 14 post-procedure are illustrated with no obvious sinusoid spaces dilation observed. Scattered fluid-filled vesicles were observed more rarely on Day 1 post-procedure. No fluid-filled vesicles were noted on Day 14. Scale bar: 200 μm in 4X images; 50 μm in 20X images.