Parameters of biliary hydrodynamic injection during endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography in pigs for applications in gene delivery
Fig 3
Intrabiliary pressure monitored during hydrodynamic injection elucidates differences among the injection parameters.
Baseline pressure within the biliary system is minimal before injection in all conditions (A-D). Shortly before injection, the balloon is inflated creating a seal which appears to have minimal effect on the measured pressure. Upon initiation of injection (solid black arrow, parameters provided above graphs), pressure increases to a short peak, before equilibration during flow at a slightly lower pressure. Cessation of injection (dashed black arrows) yields a sharp decrease in pressure. The deflation of balloon (solid grey arrows) drops pressure further, suggesting a measure of baseline hydrostatic pressure remains in the system after the injection is completed. Higher pressure was achieved at the highest flow rate (D).