β-Sitosterol 3-O-D-glucoside increases ceramide levels in the stratum corneum via the up-regulated expression of ceramide synthase-3 and glucosylceramide synthase in a reconstructed human epidermal keratinization model
Fig 5
Effect of BSG on protein expression levels of enzymes involved in ceramide synthesis in HaCaT keratinocytes.
A: SPT2, n = 5; B: CerS3, n = 5; C: GCS, n = 5; and D: SMS2, n = 5. HaCaT cells were cultured in the absence or presence of BSG at the indicated concentrations for 48 hr. Western blotting analysis was performed as described in the Materials and methods section. Representative immunoblots from 5 experiments are shown. Data are expressed as means ± SD from 5 independent experiments. *p<0.05, **p<0.01.