Nationality dominates gender in decision-making in the Dictator and Prisoner’s Dilemma Games
Fig 2
Participants explicitly identified with both their nationality and gender, and implicitly preferred their nationality.
Females also have an implicit own-gender bias, while males have a female bias. (a) Nationality identification by participant nationality on the left, (b) gender identification by participant gender on the right. (c) Nationality difference scores in the AMP plotted against participant nationality (left), (d) and gender difference scores in the AMP plotted against participant gender (right). AMP difference scores (c, d) above 0 indicate ingroup bias in our implicit measure, while scores below 0 indicate outgroup bias. All error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.