Online biology degree program broadens access for women, first-generation to college, and low-income students, but grade disparities remain
Fig 2
Predicted demographic effects and interactions with online instruction mode based on model D.
Model D includes only the interaction involving college generation; the remaining interactions are shown for reference. Overall, model D finds a large and negative effect associated with online instruction and smaller negative effects associated with each of the underrepresented demographic groups. The significant interaction between generation status and online instruction shows that the effect of generation status is present only for in-person instruction. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. BLNP refers to Black, Latinx, Native American, and Pacific Islanders. First-generation students are those for whom neither parent had earned a college degree. Pell eligible refers to low-income students.