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Lethal and sublethal effects of synthetic and bio-insecticides on Trichogramma brassicae parasitizing Tuta absoluta

Fig 2

Age-specific survival rate (l_xj), female age-specific fecundity (f_xj), age-specific fecundity of the total population (m_x) and age-specific maternity (l_xm_x) of the T. brassicae exposed to different pesticides 48 hours after spraying, A: Abamectin, B: Chlorantraniliprole, C: Indoxacarb, D: Spinosad, E: M. anisopliae, F: control.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243334.g002