Honey bees (Apis cerana) use animal feces as a tool to defend colonies against group attack by giant hornets (Vespa soror)
Fig 5
Exposure to VG extracts from Vespa soror workers induced spotting of hive fronts by most colonies.
The addition of new spots to filter papers and hive fronts was determined six hours after colonies were exposed to filter paper soaked either in VG extract or in ether only (a sham control); refer to Fig 4 for details about the creation and presentation of VG extract-soaked and control filter papers. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between comparison groups, which are identified by brackets (* p ≤ 0.03; ** p = 0.001).