Calcium dobesilate reduces VEGF signaling by interfering with heparan sulfate binding site and protects from vascular complications in diabetic mice
Fig 9
CaD prevents the increase in diabetes-induced renal inflammation.
The mRNA levels were assessed by real time PCR and normalized to Actin (A). VEGF production was determined by VEGF164-188 ELISA according to the manufacturer’s instructions (B). Data represent the mean ± SD of 4–8 animals. * p < 0.05. Significantly different from vehicle treated STZ mice. Immunohistochemistry for F4/80 (red) in kidney cross sections of non-diabetic (control), diabetic vehicle treated (STZ), enalapril and CaD treated STZ mice (C). Autofluorescence is shown in green, scale bar 100 μm. Images are exemplary for n = 5/condition. Infiltrating cells were quantitatively analyzed by scoring five areas in each kidney section for F4/80-positive cells. Each bar represents the mean ± SD.* p < 0.05, **P<0.01, *** p < 0.001. Significantly different from vehicle treated STZ mice.