Calcium dobesilate reduces VEGF signaling by interfering with heparan sulfate binding site and protects from vascular complications in diabetic mice
Fig 1
Calcium dobesilate (CaD) inhibits VEGF-induced VEGFR-2 activation.
VEGF165 (25 ng/mL) was premixed and incubated with: (A) various CaD concentrations (6–100 μM) or (B) 50–100 μM CaD for 1 h, before exposure to HUVECs for 2 min. (C) HUVECs were incubated with 50 and 100μM CaD for 60 min with three subsequent washing steps with warm medium before stimulation with VEGF165 for 2 min. Western blot analysis was performed using anti-phospho-VEGFR-2 antibody and total VEGFR2 was used as a loading control after membrane stripping. Each bar represents the mean ± SD (n = 3). *P<0.05, ***P<0.001 versus VEGF-treated HUVECs.