From invisibility to readability: Recovering the ink of Herculaneum
Fig 2
SEM images of a carbon phantom sample.
A: Surface SEM image showing both inked and uninked regions. Measurements indicate fiber width, papyrus “cells,” and smooth regions where ink has been applied. B: Surface SEM image showing only an inked region. Measurements show coated fibers and a smooth regions of ink. C: Cross-sectional SEM image of an inked region showing the depth of the ink layer. Depth measurements account for camera angle with respect to the cross-sectional plane.