AMPA receptor antagonist perampanel affects glioblastoma cell growth and glutamate release in vitro
Fig 4
Effects of anticonvulsants on gene expression.
Both, glioblastoma and metastasis cells were seeded in 12-well plates. On the next day, medium was exchanged and the cells were exposed to carbamazepine, levetiracetam, perampanel or valproic acid at the indicated doses for 48 h. Subsequently, the mRNA expression of the indicated genes and house-keeping control GAPDH was analyzed by real-time PCR. (A) Relative amounts (2-ΔCt) of target mRNA of control cultures were compared for both cell entities (n ≥ 10 per cell line), *p<0.05 versus glioblastoma cells (Mann-Whitney U test). (B) Furthermore, effects of anticonvulsants were analyzed. Only genes with significant changes are shown in Fig 4B (n = 5–6 separate cultures per cell line; *p<0.05 versus control cultures (Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc Dunn’s test)).