The anticancer peptide RT53 induces immunogenic cell death
Fig 2
RT53 induces unregulated necrotic cell death.
(A) Ultrastructural analysis of RT53-mediated cell death. U2OS cells were left untreated (Control) or exposed to 15 μM of RT53 for 30 min. Cells were then analyzed by transmission electron microscopy following osmium tetroxide staining. (B) U2OS cells were exposed to 20 μM of RT53 in the presence or absence of 50 μM zVAD-fmk, 50 μM Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) or 100 mM cyclosporin A (CsA) for 1 h. Necrotic cell death was monitored by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from cells into the culture medium. The obtained values were normalized to those of the maximum LDH released (completely lysed) control. Data are means±s.e.m. (n = 3).