Lupeol and stigmasterol suppress tumor angiogenesis and inhibit cholangiocarcinoma growth in mice via downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α
Fig 5
Lupeol and stigmasterol did not exhibit significant toxic effects in mice.
(A) Treatment timeline for the toxicity studies. (B) No significant difference in weight change was observed between the control and treatment groups. Data presented as percent weight mean change ± S.D. (n = 5). (C) H&E staining of the livers showed no difference between the control and treatment groups. (D) Sera were also collected from mice for blood chemistry analyses. No significant differences were observed in ALT, AST, RBC, Hemoglobin, WBC, Hematocrit using one-way ANOVA. Group 1, control; Group 2, lupeol (1 mg/kg); Group 3, lupeol (10 mg/kg); Group 4, stigmasterol (1 mg/kg); Group 5, stigmasterol (10 mg/kg); Group 6, lupeol + stigmasterol (1 mg/kg); Group 7, lupeol + stigmasterol (10 mg/kg).