Anti-inflammatory effects of ursodeoxycholic acid by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages
Fig 5
Effect of UDCA on the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, p38 and IκBα in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.
The macrophages in the UDCA with or without LPS group were pretreated with 1 mM UDCA for 1 h before the zero time point. Then, the UDCA alone group treated with 1 mM UDCA for an additional 24 h and UDCA containing LPS group treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) containing 1 mM UDCA for an additional 24 h. The macrophages of LPS alone group were treated with 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 h. Immunoblotting was used to detect the phosphorylation form or the total form of ERK, JNK, p38, and IκBα in lysates prepared from the macrophages. β-actin was used as an internal control. The phosphorylation/total form (p/t form) volumes were calculated. The p/t form volume at control group was set at 1-fold and the ratio of the normalized fold change was relatively calculated and quantified. Results are mean ± SD of triplicate experiments: *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01, significant difference as compared to the control and to each other for 24 h.