Synbiotics for Broiler Chickens—In Vitro Design and Evaluation of the Influence on Host and Selected Microbiota Populations following In Ovo Delivery
Fig 5
Changes in relative expression of immune-related panel of genes in the cecal tonsils of broiler chickens injected in ovo with synbiotics (A) Lactobacillus salivarius with GOS and (B) Lactobacillus plantarum with RFO. Analysis was performed using the ΔΔCt method to determine fold induction. Synbiotics were injected on day 12 of embryonic development. Sampling days were 7, 14, 21, and 42 days post hatching. Statistical analysis consisted of comparing the experimental groups with the control group by Student's t-test; * for P < 0.05. Each bar represents the mean (n = 5) ± standard error of the mean (SEM).